Area tells us the size of a shape or figure. It tells us the size of squares, rectangles, circles, triangles, other polygons, or any enclosed figure.
In the real world it tells us the size of pieces of paper, computer screens, rooms in houses, baseball fields, towns, cities, countries, and so on. Knowing the area can be very important. Think of getting a new carpet fitted in a room in your home. Knowing the area of the room will help make sure that the carpet you buy is big enough without having too much left over.
Area is measured in squares (or square units).
How many squares are in this rectangle?
We can count the squares or we can take the length and width and use multiplication. The rectangle above has an area of 15 square units.
The area of a rectangle is = length x width
Examples of calculating the area of a rectangle
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Area = Length x Width Area = 3 x 2 = 6 square units |
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Area = Length x Width Area = 8 x 6 = 48 square units |
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Area = Length x Width Area = 9 x 5 = 45 square units |
We measure area using squares. We use different sizes of squares depending on how big or small an area is.
Example | Length of side on Squares | Unit |
Size of the nail on your thumb |
Millimeter |
mm2 |
Size of piece of paper |
Centimeter |
cm2 |
Size of a room |
Meter |
m2 |
Size of a town |
Kilometer |
km2 |
Don't forget the wee 2 |
We write square sizes using a small 2 next to the unit. We write mm2, cm2, m2 , km2, cm2 We can say "63 millimeters squared" or " 63 square millimeters" |
We could use small squares to measure large areas. The only problem with this is that we would end up having to use very big numbers. For example, a field might be measured at 5,000,000,000 square millimeters when 5,000 square meters would be a much easier size to say, write, and visualize.
You will probably hear more units for measuring area; square inches, square feet, square yards, square miles, acres, hectares are all units used for measuring area.
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Area = Length x Width Area = 9 mm x 4 mm = 36 mm2 |
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Area = Length x Width Area = 7 cm x 6 cm = 42 cm2 |
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Area = Length x Width Area = 8 m x 2 m = 16 m2 |
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Area = Length x Width Area = 7 km x 5 km = 35 km2 |
The length and width of a square are the same so we just need to multiply the length by the length.
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Area = Length x Length Area = 6 cm x 6 cm = 36 cm2 |
The area of a circle = πr2
where r is the radius of the circle and π is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.
π (pronounced "pie" and often written "Pi") is an infinite decimal with a common approximation of 3.14159. You can find out more about Pi here
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Area = πr2 Area = 3.14159 x (4 cm)2 Area = 3.14159 x 16 cm2 Area = 50.27 cm2 Answer rounded to 2 decimal places |
Take a circle and divide it into equally sized sectors and rearrange these as shown below. Notice how, as the sectors become smaller, the shape becomes more like a rectangle. Note: There is no limit to how small these sectors could be and to how closely they could resemble a rectangle when arranged.
Assuming we know that the circumference of a circle is equal to 2πr we can add dimensions to the "rectangle" as shown below. Using the area of a rectangle area formula, area = width x height we can see how our circle, re-configured as a rectangle, can be shown to have an area that approximates to πr x r or πr2
There are many cases where the calculation of a total area requires more than one area to be calculated followed by either an addition, subtraction, or some other combination of operations to find the required area.
Note: In the examples below the units of measurement are not shown and answers and the value of π (Pi) have been rounded to the nearest hundredth.
The area calculation example below is relatively simple. The shape can be seen as a triangle combined with a rectangle.
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Area of triangle part: Area of rectangle part: Total area = 18 + 54 = 72 |
The example above illustrates a common requirement when working with compound shapes - finding dimensions that are not shown. When tutoring your children, give help, when needed, to find these "missing" dimensions. There is another example below.
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What are the dimensions of the small rectangular part? Width? 12 - 7 - 2 = 3 Height? 8 - 6 = 2 |
In the example below, the shape can be seen as a rectangle with a triangle cut out.
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Area of rectangle part: Area of triangle part: Total area = 30 - 4.50 = 25.50 |
The example below is similar to one above although, since we have a semi-circle we need to calculate a fraction (one-half) of the circle's area. Note in this example the diameter, and not the radius is shown.
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Area of triangle part: Area of semi-circle part: Total area = 18 - 3.53 = 14.47 |
It is common to have more than one way to calculate the final area. In the examples below the shape can be seen as two rectangles combined or as one large rectangle with a smaller rectangle "cut out" from the top right corner.
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There is no right or wrong method. |
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We can calculate the areas of rectangles a and b and then add to get the area. area = (3 x 6) + (6 x 4) area = 18 + 24 = 42 |
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Or we can calculate an "imaginary" rectangle, c, and subtract rectangle d from it to get the area. area = (9 x 6) - (6 x 2) area = 54 - 12 = 42 |
Print out the worksheets listed below and use them for practice when tutoring your children.
You will find more printable geometry worksheets here.